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انتشار الجامعات في الصومال ظاهرة صحية أم سلبية؟

نشر على موقع الجزيرة نت، تقرير عن “الفوضى” الذي يشهده قطاع التعليم الجامعي في الصومال. التقرير، وجه انتقادات “لاذعة” للجامعات الجديدة التي تنشأ هذه الأيام في العاصمة مقديشو أو في مناطق أخرى من البلاد، متهما إياها بأنها “تفتقر الي أدنى المعايير التعليمية”. وألقى التقرير اللوم في ذلك على الحكومة وقال: هذه الجامعات “لا تخضع لأية رقابة من الحكومة الفدرالية الصومالية…لا تملك من الإمكانيات ما يسمح لها بضبط هذه الجامعات، مما جعلها موضوعا للانتقاد وتجسيدا لحالة من الفوضى…” 

استند التقرير المنشور في التاريخ (10/21) الي آراء بعض الباحثين المتخصصين في هذا الشأن وتحقيقات نشرت علي مراكز بحثية في البلاد.

قال مدير المركز الصومالي للتربية والبحوث، الدكتور عبد الشكور الشيخ حسن للجزيرة نت إن تأسيس بعض الجامعات “تم بهدف الحصول على مكاسب مادية وعلى حساب الجودة ودون المعايير المطلوبة والإمكانيات اللازمة”، مضيفا أن بعض هذه الجامعات “عبارة عن فيلا صغيرة مكونة من ست أو خمس غرف تستخدم كفصول دراسية لا توجد فيها قاعات للتدريس ومكاتب ومعامل ومختبرات”. 

بالطبع، لامس هذا التقرير- ولاشك في ذلك- جانبا مهما من أوضاع قطاع التعليم الجامعي في البلاد، لكن يبدو لي أنه أهمل في ذات الوقت الجانب الآخر المتمثل عن الدور الايجابي الذي تلعبه تلك الجامعات والمدارس الأهلية في إحياء روح التعلم  بين المجتمع الصومالي. ويرى قطاع عريض من الشعب أن ما يشهده قطاع التعليم العالي من زيادة عدد الجامعات، والدرجات العلمية التي تمنحها، ماهي الا ظاهرة صحية، وتطور ايجابي يعكس تعافي المجتمع الصومالي من آثار الحرب والانهيار الأخلاقي والثقافي.

وبالرغم من العقبات التي تواجه هذه الجامعات المتمثلة “في عدم حصولها على تمويل كاف، وقلة المعدات الدراسية، وعدم توفر وسائل التدريس، ومحدودية الأساتذة وافتقار الإداريين فيها إلى الخبرة، وعدم وجود أبنية خاصة لكثير من الجامعات” لا أرى أنه يبرر بوصف جهود بعض أبناء البلاد الغيوريين  بــ”الفوضى” ويبدو أنه في غير محله.

كما هو معروف لدى الجميع فكرة انشاء الجامعات في البلاد، كانت تبدأ بمبادرات بسيطة. لم يكن يملك أصحابها رأسمال كبير، ولم يكن يتوفر لديهم الحد الأدني من متطلبات مثل هذه المشاريع غير أن هذه المبادرات ، أثبت أهميتها وقدرتها على تحويل الأفكار البسيطة الي مشاريع عملاقة  تفتخر بها الامة،  وخير مثال على ذلك جامعة مقديشو التي اختيرت هذا العام، ضمن قائمة أفضل 100 جامعة في أفريقيا.

بدأت فكرة هذه الجامعة بسيطة. منذ فترة وجيزة، لم تكن تتحقق أدني مقومات التعليم الجامعي. كان حرمها الأكاديمي عام 2005 عبارة عن غرف صغيرة مستأجرة، لا توجد فيه قاعات للدراسة ولا معامل ولا حتى  مكتبات ترقى الي مستوى تخصصات الجامعة، لكن بفضل أبنائها تملك اليوم كل ذلك وزيادة. يقر لها البعيد قبل القريب بأنها تحقق انجازات عظيمة وتصنع رجالا لا يقدر بثمن. وهذا الميثال ينطبق أيضا على جامعة سيمد والاسلامية وغيرهما من الجامعات التي أنشأت في ظل ظروف أمنية واقتصادية بالغة الصعوبة. ما المانع اذن أن تتحول هذه  الجامعات الناشئة أو ستنشأ قريبا الي صروح علمية متطورة تنافس الجامعات الراقية في المنطقة والعالم العربي.

لا نجاوز الحدود اذا قلنا ان البلاد يحتاج اليوم الي مزيد من الجامعات بغض النظرعن كفاءتها وامكانياتها وما اذا توفرت لديها المعايير التعليمية أم لا، لأن مجرد وجود هذه الجامعات يساهم في رفع معنويات المجتمع، والشباب المتعطشين الي التعليم، ليس فقط الشباب المتخرجين من المدارس الثانوية، بل الآف الذين تجاوزوا سن التعليم الأساسي والثانوي وتأخرو عن ركب التعليم، نتجة الظروف الأمنية والاقتصادية في البلاد. فهذه الجامعات تدفع هؤلاء الي التعويض ما فاتهم من الوقت، وتوفرلهم فرصا لا ستكمال دراستهم. والشاهد على ذلك، العدد الهائل الذي ذهب الي الجامعات في السنوات الأخير ولاسميا عقب اشتراط  حصول المرشحيين لمناصب للدولة على مؤهلات علمية لا تقل عن الشهادة الثانوية.

بعد إطاحة النظام ألمركزي عام 1991، دخل البلاد في أتون حرب أكل ألأخضر واليابس، انهارت جميع المؤسسات الحيوية في البلاد، ومنها، المؤسسات التعليمية والتربوية، وهجرت العقول الي خارج البلاد خوفا على حياتهم، لكن هذه العقول تبدأ اليوم بالعودة الي ارض الوطن، وهم من يلعبون دورا محوريا في انشاء الجامعات، تحت شعار ”  التعليم من أجل السلام”.  وبالفعل وصل اصحاب هذه المبادرات الي منتصف الطريق، وتكاد اعمالهم تؤتي أكلها.    

كل صباح ، عندما تنزل -على سبيل الميثال لا الحصر- الي شارع مكة المكرمة في العاصمة مقديشو، تنبهر بالمشاهد الجميلة التي ترى عينانك، وتقول بلا وعي، ان منظمات التعلم الاهلي ومهندسي الجامعات الوليدة  لعبت ولا تزال، دورا لا يعوض في انقاذ الأطفال والشباب من براثين الجهل، ولعنة الأمية. تلتقي في هذا الشارع وأمكان اخرى في العاصمة مقديشو أطفالا صغارا وشبابا في مقتبل العمر، وكهولا ، يرتدون الأزياء المدرسية، يغدون الي المدارس، والجامعات، ولا همّ لهم سوى بناء مستقبل أفضل، وتجد  أيضا في أماكن العمل ومواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، شبابا وشابات، تفتخرون بالمؤهلات العليمة التي نالوها قريبا. يقول هذا: أنا متخصص بالإقتصاد’ و هذا، أنا متحصص بالتمريض ، واخرى تقول أنا متخصصة بالهندسة . لم تكن هذه الحقيقة، قبل سنوات الا احلاما تستحق السخرية، ويضحك على من يدفع خياله الي الخوض في غمارها.

قد يقول البعض ليس المهم الكم بقدر أهمية الجودة، وان مخرجات هذه الجامعات ليس الا الغث والحثالة . هذا الرأي قد يكون صحيحا ، لكني أقول: أن المنافسة بين الشركات تكون في العادة، برأي الإقتصاديين لصالح المستهلكين وللشركات على حد سواء،  فأن الأخيرة، عندما تكون في المنافسة الحرة، تجتهد في تحسين خدماتها واقصاء نظرائها في السوق بالوسائل المشروعة.

أما المستهلك بدوره يستفيذ من هذه المنافسه لحصوله على خدمات رخيصة و ذات جودة عالية، تقدمها الشركات المتنافسة لعملائها. هذا المثال ينسحب أيضا على ظاهرة انتشار الجامعات في البلاد. هناك علاقة طردية… فكلما ازداد عدد الجامعات، تزداد جودة التعليم، لأن مالكي هذه الجامعات يخشون من الفشل في المنافسة، والخرج من حلبة السباق، خائبين وبالتالي يتحتم عليهم بذل كل ما في وسعهم، لتقديم خدمات تتناسب مع رغبات وطموحات المجتمع. ومن لا يتماشى مع هذه المنافسات، لا محالة، سيختفي في النهاية من الوجود، قبل أن ترفع الجهات الرسمية الكرت الأحمر على وجهه .

  حسن ادم إسحاق (جلي)

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