الشباب الصومالي له مميزات خاصة في تاريخ الصومال السياسي، وكان نموذجاً في السياسة الصومالية في فترات تاريخية كان البلاد تحت وطأة الاستعمار البربري، وكانت الفرص السياسية ضئيلة بالنسبة للشباب الصومالي، ولكنهم ضحوا أنفسهم من أجل البحث عن الصومال الحرة، وواجهوا عدواً أكثر منهم حيلة وسلاحاً وفلسفة، ولكنهم في نهاية المطاف أنجزوا عملاً سياسياً أصبح نموذجاً يحتذى به في القارة الأفريقية، وخير ميثال على ذلك شبان حركة SYL الثلاثة عشر إنهم كانوا فتية آمنوا بالوطنية وقطعوا أنفسهم عهدا بالا يهدأ لهم بال حتى تنال الصومال استقلالها من الاستعمار الإيطالي(1)، وكوّنوا وحدة سياسية أصبحت فيما بعد أكبر تيار سياسي يسري في المجتمع الصومالي، وسمَوْا هذا التيار حزب وحدة الشباب الصومالي (SYL)، وفتحوا مكاتب في أنحاء الصومال، حتى فازوا في الانتخابات الرئاسية في عام 1960م، وكان الشباب الصومالي نموذجاً في تاريخ حركات التحرر في القارة الأفريقية، وبعد انهيار الحكومة المركزية في الصومال عام 1991 واجه الشباب الصومالي جملة من المعضلات السياسية، وأصبح الصومال ملعبا للقوى المتحارية، والصراعات الدولية، وواجه أيضاً حربا أهلية حصدت كثيراً من أرواح الشباب الصومالي،بعد أن أساءت القبائل استخدام الروح الفتي لدى الشباب واستفادت منهم لأغراضها وصراعاتها مع عدوها الوهمي، وكذلك تعرض الشباب للإهمال الشديد من قبل الحكومات الصومالية من حكومة عبد القاسم مروراً بحكومة عبد الله يوسف، حتى ظهرت المحاكم الإسلامية وزجوا الشباب الصومالي في حروب طاحنة ضد القوات الإثيوبية، وهُزمت المحاكم الإسلامية وتفرق مابقي من المحاكم، ودخلت القوات الإثيوبية في مقديشو وتعرض الشباب هجمة شرسةوإعتقال جماعي من القوات المتحالفة(2).
لم تقم الحكومات الصومالية بما فيه الكفاية لإشراك الشباب في السياسة الصومالية، باستثناء رئيس إدارة الحكومة المحلية في مقديشو الأسبق حسن محمد حسين مونغاب ، الذي كان أول مسؤول بعد الانهيار يتخذ قراراً مصيرياً بإشراك الشباب في العملية السياسية في الحكومة المحلية في مقديشو، وأصبح جلّ الإدراة البلدية متعلمين من الشباب(3)، وكان أيضاً بعض الوزراء الشباب في الحكومة الفيدرالية الصومالية في حينها، مثل وزير الرياضة والشباب ووزير المعاذن والبترول ووزير التخطيط وغيرهما، وبعثت هذه الخطوة الأمل لدى كثيرٌ من الشباب في أن يتحسن الوضع مستقبلا، وتتهيئ لهم فرصة أكثر من ذلك(4)، ويشهد على ذلك ما قاله الأمين العام السابق للأمم المتحدة كوفي عنان: لا أحد يولد مواطناً صالحاً؛ ولا أمة تولد ديمقراطية، وإنما المواطنة والديمقراطية هما عمليات متواصلة التطور على امتداد الحياة، ويجب إشمال الشباب منذ ولادتهم. فالمجتمع الذي يقطع نفسه عن الشباب يقطع نفسه عن ما يمده بالحياة؛ ويكون مكتوباً عليه أن ينزف حتى الموت.
في العديد من البلدان النامية التي منها الصومال، يصل عدد السكان الذين تقل أعمارهم عن 25 عاماً إلى أكثر من نصف السكان. بيد أن الشباب يشاركون أقل من الذين الأكبر منهم سناً في العمليات السياسية الرسمية مثل الانتخابات. وهذا يمثل تحدياً لمدى تمثيل النظام السياسي لجميع فئات المجتمع ويقود إلى حرمان المواطنين الشباب من حقوقهم. كما أنه يفرض أشكالاً من التنميط التي تنظر إلى الشباب على أنهم غير مهتمين بالقضايا السياسية، أوكموضوع للسياسات الاجتماعية أو كمسببي مشاكل. وبناءً عليه فقد تركزت الحوارات بشأن المشاركة السياسية للشباب بصفة أساسية على خلق الدوافع لدى الشباب كي يدلوا بأصواتهم في الانتخابات ومنع جماعات الشباب من اللجوء إلى العنف السياسي(5)
- – عبد الفتاح محمد محمود، موظف من وزارة المواني والنقل البحري، ورئيس قسم الموارد البشرية للوزارة، مقابلة، بتاريخ، 17/7/2015، 3:50 مساءا، في مطعم ليدو سيفود، في مقديشو،
- – محمد معلم عمر ميري، رئيس مكتب محافظة بنادر لحزب مؤتمر الصومال، مقابلة، بتاريخ 15/7/2015م، 4:45 مساءا، في فندق ناس هبلود 2، في مقديشو.
- – عبد العزير حسين حسن، مرجع سابق.
- – أويس شيخ أحمد، مرجع سابق.
- – برنامج الأمم المتحدة الإنمائي، مرجع سابق:ص:10.
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