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رقصة “طانتو” ضوء من التراث الصومالي

صورة حسن محمود قرني حسن محمود قرني15 أكتوبر، 2014
الشعب الصومالي يملك تاريخا طويلا وحضارة عريقة مرصعة بالذهب، خزنت الأشعار والأغاني والأمثال والألعاب الفلكورية والحكايات الجميلة، التي كان الأجداد ومن بعدهم الأحفاد يعبرون فيها أفراحهم وأحزانهم وأحلامهم ومشاعرهم وأفكارهم ونظرتهم للحب وللحياة، كما يملك تراثا مبهرا يغوص في بجر من الإبداع وألحانا حماسية تفيض بالأحاسيس والمشاعر الصادقة وصفحات لا ينسي.
 
كما يملك لغة رائعة تضج بالحيوية والجمال والحس الشاعري، وتربية مزدانة برائحة التاريخ ورونق الحاضر، وتكوين مفعم بأدب البادية وعبق الماضي ،وذاكرة وطنية  تغذيها أصالة حاضرة ومتجددة، نسجها الشعب عبر تاريخه الطويل الملئي بالأساطير الشعبية والحكم المتداولة والموروثات القديمة والحكاوى التي تختصر السنين في ثواني، والألعاب الكلاسيكية الهادئة  ذات الرقة والعذوبة الطربية والإيحآت الرومانسية.
 
وأصبحت الثقافة الصومالية بتنوعها وإختلافها التناغمي من الثقافات المرموقة والعادات الرائدة في القرن الإفريقي، وشكلت اللغة الصومالية التي تحوي الثقافة والأدب والتراث الأصيلة والفن الصومالي ونواميس الحب والتقاليد العريقة، من اللغات التي اعترفها العالم بقوتها وعمقها الأدبي وتأثيرها المحلي والعالمي، حتي دخلت بجدارة واستحقاق ضمن اللغات المترجمة والمعتمدة في “جوجل”.
 
بدائع الفن الصومالي كان يظهر في الليالي الإفريقية الخانقة بالألعاب المبدعة تحت أضواء الطبيعة المبهرة  والسماء الصافية المرصعة بالنجوم، والأحاسيس التي تجعل القلب ينبض بالحب، والأمسيات التي تغفو في 
وسط العواطف الخرساء كدروب يطول فيها العبور. المعزوفة الصومالية الأنيقة كغيرها من أنغام الشرق تضفوا علي المكان هيبة الحياة، وغنج ودلال يتضمن غزلا شفيفا ولغة رصينة ولمسات إنسانية تسر الوجدان وتؤسس للحب منارات تجلي النفس ما يعتريها من الألم والإرهاق النفسي والتعب الجسدي ويبعدها عن الكسل والخمول.
 
ولم تخلو التقاليد الصومالية العريقة ليالي السمر والألحان البدوية الموغلة في النقاء الإنساني، والرقصات العنيفة والصاخبة أحيانا، وألعاب أخرى تقليدية ذات عنف وقوة وصيحات عصية علي الإندثار، بل قاومت علي المؤثرات الخارجية والداخلية، وأبت أن تنقرض أو أن يمحوها دجي النسيان، أو تغمرها السيول الجارفة التي حملت إلينا الثقافات الوافدة والعادات العابرة للقارات، وتجبر الشعوب الضعيفة علي القبول والتبني لتلك الثقافات بقوة السنان أوتحت ألم السوط ولذة الجزرة.
 
ومن الألعاب الجميلة التي يكن لها الشعب الصومالي بكل أطيافه وأعماره إحتراما كبيرا ومحبة تفوق الخيال، رقصة الطانتو التراثية التي أصبحت الشعار الأساسي للصومالين في الوطن وفي المهجر والشتات، وسيدة الرقصات الشعبية لقوة كلماتها وإنسيابيتها العجيبة، وأصالتها ونقاء وصفها، وقوة وقعها، وإنسجام حركاتها وصلتها المباشر للماضي الجميل والحاضر المثخن بالجراحات والألم.
 
وتعتبر “الطانتو” أقوى وأجمل الرقصات وسيدة الألعاب الوطنية أوالرقصات الشعبية المنتشرة في أوساط الصومالين بشتي طبقاته وكياناته وشرائحه، لما فيها من الجمال والبهاء، وتنتشر في المناطق الريفية وتقل في المناطق الحضرية والمدن، كما لوكانت في تاريخها الطويل ضد التمدن والعصرنة والحداثة التي اجتاحت جميع الأصقاع، وتعد اللعبة التراثية الأكثر ترويجا وممارسة في أوساط الصوماليين، رغم أن  جذورها  يرجع إلي القرون الأولي لتكوين الثقافة الصومالية وبروزها كثقافة منفصلة ومتميزة لها ملامحها الحضاري وتميزها التراثي وسجلاتها المتنوعة عبر التاريخ، وبذالك تكون لعبة قديمة قدم الظهور الحقيقي للشعب الصومالي في القرن الإفريقي.
 
يمارس الشعب علي رقصة “طانتو”حبا لتراثة المجيدة وكتسلية ليزهو ويختال، أوكلعبة محببة لديه تساهم رفع المعنويات وبث روح الحب والأمل في قلوب الناشئة، كما تعد القابلة الرسمية للحب الذي ينشأ ضمن غزلها ونظراتها العابرة لسحيق القلوب تحت ضوء القمر أوعبر نافذة القلب القوية، ويعتبر الأراضي الخصبة الموطن الأصلي ل”طانتو”، كما أن لها مواسم تكثر فيها ويحمل الشباب الذي هو عماد هذا الرقصة الجميلة قابلية لممارستها.
 
وغالبا ما تكون مزدهرة في موسم الرخاء والطبيعة الجميلة والهواء الطلق، وتنسجم مع رعشة الأعشاب ورذاذ المطر، ويكون وقعها جميلا ولمساتها العريقة أجمل في أوقات الربيع المزدان بالسلام ورغد العيش، حيث النفوس آمنة والبقر لا تحتاج إلي المراعي البعيدة، والإبل لا يبتعد كثيرا عن مباركه والأغنام تشبع علي مشارف الحي، وجلب الماء والسقاية لاتحتاج السير إلي مسافات طويلة تتعب الجسد وتوهن القوى وتفتر الهمة وتضعف الإرادة.
 
أما أوقات القحط والشدة حين يجف الضرع والزرع ولم تنزل القطرة من السماء، وفي زمن الخوف تكون نادرة الوجود أو معدومة، وبما أنها تتصل روحيا في التكوين النفسي للشخصية الصومالية المرحة ويربط خيط دقيق معها بالسلام والمحبة، فهي قليلية الإنتشار في الأماكن التي تنعدم فيه الأمن والأمان، إذ التجمعات تحتاج إلي جو من الطمأنية والمرح والخيال الأدبي الرفيع وهذا ما فقدناه في السنوات الأخيرة.
 
ويدل تناغمها مع المكون النفسي للشعب الصومالي وعفويتها وانسجامها الروحي وتفاعلها البديع وتغلغلها في دم كل الشعب بإختلاف مشاربه وموقعه الجغرافي، أن الشعب الصومالي ينتمي إلي ثقافة واحدة وتراث وطد أركانها الأجداد والأسلاف، كما يدل أنها كانت يوما من الأيام الرقصة المفضلة واللعبة الأساسية التي كان يمارسه الشعب سواء كان بدويا يرعى الإبل، أو كان حضريا يعيش في المدن، أو صيادا يرسل الشباك في الشواطئ، أو تاجرا يسافر إلي الأوطان والبلاد المختلفة.
 
تبدأ طقوساتها البديعة وفعالياتها الأنيقة غالبا في الساحات والمساحات الهادئة ذات التربة الناعمة والأرضية اللينة المتاخمة للقرى أو المنطاق السكنية للأسر والقبائل والأفخاذ علي ضفاف الأنهار أو التلال، وقرب الترع والجداول المائية أوالربى، حين يخيم الجو الذهبي  والسكينة العذبة للأرض والشواطئ الليلية تضئ الشموع.
وحينما يلبس الليل سواده وتفيض جداول الحب المنسوجة  بحياة طليقة وجو مفتوح كلوحة باذخة المعاني، تبدأ لذة التعامل مع الكلمات والأغاني المنسابة من الحنجرات الذهبية والألعاب الحاضنة للشباب كحضن مزهر يدخل النفس سرورا وحماسة نادرة وحركة قوية.
 
تتجمع الشبان علي تخوم القرية أو علي مشارف سكن الأسر الريفي بعد يوم طويل من العناء والمشقة ومصارعة أعباء الحياة والجرى وراء الأنعام أو حرث المزارع والحدائق، والغرق في تفاصيل البيع والشراء في داخل القرية أو خارجها، هناك السمراوات يقفن كأشجار السنديان وفي وجههن غموض وسحر يشبه وشاح القدسية، يزينها الفم الياقوتي المغري بالتقبيل ووجها صبوحيا تنمقت يد الجمال عليه، وفي الصف المقابل يقف الرجال أمام منصات الحب والتشويش العاطفي بزيهم الرسمي وشكلهم الأنيق وقلوبا تعزف ألحانا بلا وتر.
وبما أنها تحمل في طياتها حيوية رومانسية وتراث ورثناها كابرعن كابر وبحرمن العشق والهوى، عادة تبدأ بصوت جهوري جميل ممزوجا بالأحاسيس العتيقة وأبيات شعرية تبدد جفاف العاطفة وينمي الوصال بعد غياب شفق المغيب، وقد تتأخر فتبدأ قبل منتصف الليل أوبعده ومعها تبدأ المسرات وتقرأ سطور الفرحة والنشوة علي جبين الشباب.
 
وفي قمة النشوة والسرحان يتحول الصوت إلي هدير، والحركات الجماعية إلي ضجة ووقع صاخب كآلات موسيقية تتكلم ، فيخف الوزن ويترنم الحب في وادي الأحلام، ويقل الكلام ويصعد الهدير مع ذرات الغبار وعرق الجبين والتمايل العجيب، وترتفع معدلات السعادة وترمومتر المسرة مع إرتفاع الصخب وضجة الرجال وتغنج النسوان ودولة القوافي.
 
تنفجر عيون الشعر علي أفواه الأدباء وينبع الجمال علي عيون الفتيات، والأصوات العندليبية والحبال الصوتية والألفاظ المرتعشة  تزيد الشجن، وذبذبات المشاعر تلهب الحماسة وتثير كوامن العشق والهوى في نفوس الرجال، ومع كل حركة تحمل تباريخ الحب وكل همسة بينية مزركشة بومضات العشق وتباشير القبول، وكل هزة للأرض تشبه زلزالا بمقياس 3 ريختر تعقبها الزغاريد والأصوات النسائية الرقيقية، يتصبب العرق ويبلل كل الأجساد والأسمال! ويتحرك الجميع هازين روؤسهم كأنوار ليلية ترتجف، وتزداد بريق العيون ويتقارب الجنسان وتتحرك الأيادي يمنة ويسرة أو ترتفع عموديا وكأنها غصن لشجرة باسقة علي ضفاف نهر جوبا تداعبها الرياح في موسم الربيع.

 
لا شئي يعادل نشوة “طانتو” في قلوب عشاقها، ولا شئ يعادل لحظة التلاقي والتقارب الذهني والصفاء الوجداني ونشيد الفتيات وهن يغنين نشيد الحب والحياة، أويرددن ألحانا الصبا ويروين شجرة الحب الوارفة بدلال صومالي عجيب وعناد بدويّ قاتل.
صورة حسن محمود قرني حسن محمود قرني15 أكتوبر، 2014
صورة حسن محمود قرني

حسن محمود قرني

حسن محمود قُرنَي كاتب ومدون صومالي خريج جامعة أفريقيا العالمية كلية العلوم قسم جيولوجيا.

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