تعدّ الجودة من المفاهيم الإدارية الحديثة التي ظهرت نتيجة للمنافسة العالمية الشديدة بين مؤسسات الإنتاج في الدول للحصول على رضى المستهلكين للمنتجات الصناعية، وانتقل التنافس من المجال الصناعي والتكنولوجي إلي المجال التعليمي حديثا، وبدأت العديد من الدول المتقدمة استخدام مفاهيم الجودة الشاملة في العمليات التعليمية.
وفي الوقت الحاضر يقاس مستوي التقدم والرقي للمؤسسات الصناعية والتجارية والتعليمية بناء على استخدامها لمعايير الجودة الشاملة في أنظمتها، وعملياتها و مخرجاتها، وهذا ما دفع كثيرا من الدول إلى الاهتمام بالتعليم وتطويره من خلال تطبيق الجودة الشاملة في التعليم.
ولكنّ للأسف الشديد هذا الاهتمام ضئيل في الصومال، بل يكاد يكون معدوما ، لأن المؤسسات التعليمية الخاصة والقائمين عليها يركزون على التوسع الكمّي على حساب الالتفات للكيف (Quantity with out quality) ، فلهذا أصبحت المدارس لا تؤدي دورها بفاعلية، بل يغلب عليها الاعتماد على التلقين والاستظهار واللفظية وسيادة الطابع التقليدي ، فليس فيها ابداع ولا ابتكار ، فتردى جودة مخرجاتها ، وأصبح بعضها (أسماء في غير موضعها)!!
ولا شك أننا إذا استمرنا على هذه الطريقة يصبح التعليم معيقا للتنمية بدلاً من إحداثها ، وقيداً يبقينا في دياجير الجهل والتخلف والتناحر القبلي ، ويدفعنا إلى الوراء.
فتطوير الأنظمة التعليمة وتحسينها أصبحت ضرورة ملحة ، وهو الخيار الأوحد في هذا العالم المتغير الذي يشهد تورة معلوماتية وانفجارا معرفيا، نتيجة الإهتمام بالجودة الشاملة في كلّ مجال .
لم لا نعطي الاهتمام المطلوب للتعليم ، وهو يحتلّ المكان الأبرز في التنمية الكلية والشاملة، لأن الإنسان هو العنصر الأساسي في كلّ المشروعات التنموية ، ولا يمكن إعداده إلا من خلال برامج علمية تطبيقية ،وبالعلم نستطيع رسم صورة المستقبل الذي نريد، وإعداد جيل مؤهّل قادر على التفاعل مع معطيات العصر ومتغيراته، قادر على حلّ المشكلات، يخرج الصومال من مستنقع الفوضى والحروب ،ويجعلها في موقف المنافسة والمقارعة للدول المتقدمة .
أضف إلى ذلك أن المدارس تعتبر المحتضن التربوي الثاني بعد الأسرة ، فهي أولى بأن يبدا منها التحسين والتطوير، ولا يمكن أن نتصور تطورا وتحسنا إلّا إذا عالجنا المشكلات التي تواجه مدارسنا بصورة علمية ، وكشفنا عن المعيقات التي تعيق تطبيق الجودة في المدارس، حتى نتمكن من تجاوزها ، لأن فهم المشكلة جزء من حلّها .
ضرورة وجود مشكلات
إن وجود مشكلات و وجود تطلّعات إلى الأفضل يعتبر من الأمور الطبيعية في حياة البشر ،
لكن الشيء الخطير هو عدم فهم تلك المشكلات بشكل صحيح أو في بناء طموحات
وآمال كبيرة بالاستناد على إمكانات هشّة . وهذا ما يحدث في بلادنا في معظم
مجالات الحياة ومنها المجال التعليمي .
وانطلاقا من ذلك تتبع الباحث تلك المعوقات ،وعمل فيها دراسة حاول فيها الكشف عن المعوقات الموجودة في مدارسنا والتي تعيق تطبيق مبادئ ومعايير الجودة الشاملة فيها ،فصمّم استبانة وعمل مقابلات مع مدراء المدارس وأولياء الأمور وكذلك خبراء التربية في البلد ، فأظهرت الدراسة أن المعوقات الموجودة تتعلق بالإدارة والمعلم والطالب والمنهج وكذلك البيئة التعليمية.
أهم المعوقات :
1- المعوقات الإدارية ،وتتمثل في :-
المركزية في اتخاذ القرار – سوء استغلال الموارد المالية – غياب التنسيق والمتابعة – عدم توافر الأطر المؤهلة في إدارة الجوة الشاملة – ضعف في ممارسة نظم وأساليب الإدارة الحديثة – كثرة الأعباء الإدارية المطلوب تنفيذها من قبل مدير المدرسة – عدم بناء الخطة المدرسية وفق أسس التخطيط الاستراتيجي – عدم وجود رؤية واضحة لإدارة المستقبل .
2- المعوقات المتعلقة بالمنهج، ونشمل :
ضعف صلة المنهج الداسي بالبيئة المحلية – قلة التطبيقات العملية في المنهج – قصور أساليب التقويم في المنهج – قصور المنهج في علاج مشكلات الطلاب – قصور المنهج في إعداد الطلاب لسوق العمل – عدم مواكبة المنهج لمتغيرات العصر – عدم قدرة المنهج على اكساب التلاميذ مهارة حلّ المشكلات.
3-المعوقات المتعلقة بالمعلم، وهي :
عدم توفّر فرص التدريب للمعلم – عدم قدرة المعلم على توظيف التقنيات الحديثة في التدريس – ضعف إلمام المعلم بأساليب التقويم – ضعف مهارات المعلم في الاتصال الفعال مع التلاميذ – ندرة المعلم الؤهل أكاديميا – ضعف الكفاية المهنية للمعلم – عدم رضا المعلم عن وظيفته التربوية .
4- المعوقات المتعلقة بالتلاميذ والتي تعوق تطبيق الجودة في التعليم العام أبرزها على التوالي:
زيادة عدد الطلاب في الفصل الدراسي – ضعف تفاعل الطلاب الصفي – ضعف دافعية الطلاب للتعليم والتعلم – تدني رضا الطلاب عن واقعهم التربوي والتعليمي
5- وأخيرا المعوقات المتعلقة بعلاقة المدرسة بالمجتمع ، ومنها على التوالي :
عدم حضور أولياء الأمور للمجالس المدرسية – ضعف دعم أولياء الأمور للبرامج والأنشطة المدرسية – ضعف علاقة المدرسة بالمجتمع المحيط – عدم وجود خطة للتكامل مع المجتمع الخارجي .
التوصيات :
بناء على النتائج السابقة التي توصلت لها الدراسة ، فإنه يمكن تقديم عدد من التوصيات والتي من شأنها الإسهام في إزالة تلك المعوقات التي تعيق تطبيق الجودة في المدارس الأهلية أو التقليل منها:
التزام ودعم الإدارة العليا في الحكومة واقتناعها بأهمية تطبيق مبادئ وفلسفة إدارة الجودة الشاملة في التعليم.
ضرورة تبني وزارة التربية والتعليم دعم وإنشاء مركز وطني للجودة الشاملة ، ويكون مرجعا للإعتماد التربوي والأكاديمي ،وكذلك أن تتبنى المؤسسات الأهلية التعليمية قسما مختصا لتطبيق معايير الجودة في المدارس التابعة لها، وتقويم العملية التعليمية .
تحديد رؤية مستقبلية واضحة للتعليم في المدارس ، تمكن من مواجهة التحديات وتجاوز العقبات.
العمل على توفير الكوادر القيادية الإدارية المدربة على إدارة الجودة الشاملة.
نشر ثفافة وفلسفة الجودة داخل المؤسسات التعليمية ، وتهيئة المناخ الملائم لتطبيقها.
العمل لوضع مناهج تواكب التغيرات والتطور المعرفي ، وتتصل بالحياة والبيئة المحلية .
تضمين المقررات الدراسية أنشطة وتطبيقات عملية ، وكذلك تدريبات على مهارات حلّ المشكلات.
تعزيز دور المجتمع المحلّي في التأثير على العملية التعليمية لتحقيق تكامل حقيقي بين إدارة التربية والتعليم والمجتمع.
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السلام عليكم
العرض رائع جدًا، وأفدني كثيرًا حول مشكلات التعلم في الصومال، ولكني بحاجة إلى مزيد إلى المعلومات؛ لذا أرجو التواصل مع الأستاذ شافعي على البريد الإيميل ahmeddesoky141@gmail.com، أو الموبيل 00201090060942
حيث أنني أقوم بعمل دراسة عن تطور تعلم مادة الرياضيات في التعليم الصومالي
شكرا
ما شاء الله جزاك الله الأخ أ.الشافعي أثرت موضوع مهم ويجدر الا نتباه له في أحلك الظروف الاقتصادية والأمنية في بلدنا الحبيب